Archive for the ‘Nature Articles’ Category

“Corn causes more soil erosion than any other crop grown in the United States…Producing ethanol or biodiesel from plant biomass is going down the wrong road because you use more energy to produce these fuels than you get out from the combustion of these products.” David Pimentel, agricultural scientist at Cornell University

“Political leaders stress the importance of technological innovation as a primary means of eventually reducing carbon emissions. This is wishful thinking on an extraordinary scale.” Chris Goodall, “How to lead a low-carbon life”

Rudolf Diesel’s engine ran off peanut oil at the Paris World Fair in 1900. Fuels derived from plants, their seeds and even from algae have caught the imagination of researchers for over 100 years.  Sometimes, fuel made from corn, sugar cane or soy is called agrofuels. These fuels have been the forage for intense debates between industry hopefuls who obtain their money from oil companies such as BP, venture capitalists as well as governments who are, in many instances, pitted against conservationists. In 2010 the controversy over ‘renewable’ type fuels is more complicated than ever. It’s not just the low energy return on the energy invested in producing the fuels that have created the conflagration. The controversy has spread to the acknowledgement of biodiversity loss where these plants are grown, to even the car and marine industries who say that a higher blend (going from 10 to 15 per cent) of ethanol will ruin engines.
Now a whole array of African, Chinese, Indonesian and Indian groups oppose increasing the acreage of these crops. In Africa non-government organizations and scientists are warning that mono-crops such as palm oil and what was once called the ‘wonder weed’ because it can grow on marginal lands, jatropha, will have disastrous consequences if corporations gain control of farm land. Food security, displaced farmers, deforestation, and conservation lands are all threatened in the wake of the agro fuel ‘miracle’. In places such as Ethiopia’s Babile Elephant Sanctuary where 300 elephants and 1,000 black manned lions live and are revered by people, a German biodiesel company has leveled huge tracts of conservation land. In fact, the European Union is being pressured to lower its biofuel targets as a result of similar tragic examples including Uganda’s Mabira Forest that is a water catchment area for the Nile and Lake Victoria. In Indonesia the destruction of the orangutans’ last remaining habitat and the gargantuan levels of greenhouse gas emissions coming with forest destruction and burning, has brought huge criticism for the profligate misuse of lands to grow these fuels. Ecological services are not respected by some corporations because many times they are ‘given’ out for free and are then over-exploited.  To the contrary, it is estimated that in India up to 57 percent of the ‘wealth’ of the poor can be attributed to these same ‘free’ open access services and are often cared for.
As more questions come up regarding the viability of biofuels including cellulosic ethanol (fuel produced from grasses, agricultural residue and municipal waste), many companies are investing in algae as the perceived panacea to wean us away from fossil fuels. ExxonMobil, Chevron, Bill Gates’ Cascade investments and Dow Chemical are investing more than a billion dollars in taking algae from the laboratory and into the field. Algae’s photosynthetic cells produce oils and ethanol and can be far more efficient than corn on a per hectare basis.  There is even what is called “green gasoline” made from the woody remains of plants that is similar to fossil fuels in their composition.
It is no secret that these biofuels will never be able to replace the vast volume of fossil fuels if we have more consumption and a larger population.  Furthermore, all the alternative fuel hype has not translated into ethical ways to lower our carbon footprints. The technological silver bullet for our troubles hasn’t materialized. It’s time that we rethink what each of us can do to move past the consumption bottleneck that has created the demand for more fossil fuels to begin with.

Better Transportation Leads the way for Healthy Green Communities

Since the 1990’s World Car Free Day is held in many parts of the world on September 22. Car Free Sundays have also found a following in Canada including Vancouver neighbourhoods. Closer to home, Toronto’s Kensington Market becomes a refuge from the automobile throughout the summer on Sundays. If you add all those fabulous street musicians, wonderful cozy outdoor ethnic restaurants, vegetable and cheese shops, and top it off with the coolest clothing and art places, Kensington Market is a vibrant and happy place to be on a Sunday. Why can’t our Georgian Triangle communities do the same for our citizens?

In many parts of the globe car free days have become the impetus for further changes in town planning and have rightfully deflated the notion that cars are good for business and society. As well, our small towns can take a resilient path and be models for re-localization efforts by first reexamining our unhealthy car dependent society.  As oil becomes more and more expensive and climate safety issues are finally taken seriously, small towns will have to move to mass transportation and simple changes such as making walking and bicycle transportation a priority. More than thirty per cent of Copenhagen’s citizens travel by bicycle regularly around that city for work and recreation, and alternative energy projects are now synonymous with Denmark.

There are historic communities around the world that don’t allow cars on any day and they still thrive.  If our towns are committed to making a much needed transition away from 21st century fossil fuel dependency, one of the first places we should be exploring is how car free towns actually help out commerce, significantly lower pollution and massively reduce a staggering amount of greenhouse gases that cars produce.

Albert Koehl is a passionate advocate and educator of alternative transportation possibilities. He is also a lawyer with EcoJustice. (EcoJusitice Canada is a non-profit law and science organization that defends citizens’ rights in court to have clean water, natural spaces and healthy communities. Please see www.ecojustice.ca) Albert has successfully looked at how our society can find ways to lower greenhouse gas emissions.  Through the years, his insightful Toronto Star transportation articles have encouraged citizens, politicians and planners to reassess how we build our streets and open spaces to accommodate the real drivers of commerce and healthy communities: the pedestrian and cyclist. He says, “A recent report by the Clean Air Partnership about Bloor St. in the Annex found that only 10 per cent of patrons at local businesses arrive by car and that patrons arriving by foot and bicycle spend the most money each month.”  Mr. Koehl has also studied mass transit in Argentina and in Ontario. His description of the amenities that buses have in Argentina (the same that we expect flying first class- yes wine is served) can easily be brought to our communities and make traveling by bus far more popular.

Our municipal governments need to stop talking about sustainability and be part of the solution to green our communities.  If ski resorts want to keep their snow in 2030, perhaps those businesses should be working to educate their clients and defend new green transportation legislation in the future. As well, municipal governments must augment green business initiatives and have the courage to work with their provincial counterparts to steadfastly mandate that thousands of skiers come up to our area by modern buses instead of creating more greenhouse gases with SUVs. At the very least, let’s start the process by having an anti-idling, no drive-through car by-law with teeth in Meaford, Grey Highlands and the Town of Blue Mountains that helps make driving an anti-social behaviour, like smoking is now. Let’s get to work. Happy New Year!

“It’s time to let truth, thoughtfulness,
justice, and beauty capture our
hearts and minds; time to stop living in
fear that things will go wrong and to start
making sure that things go right. It’s time
to change the way we live.” Orion Magazine Editorial January 2010

The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.” Dietrich Bonhoeffer, pastor and anti-Nazi activist

As the eyes of the world turn to Copenhagen, the youth of the world will make sure that world leaders are held accountable to global citizens and all future generations. Watch out – we’re here.”
-Amber Church, Canadian Youth Climate Coalition National Director in Copenhagen

There is something fundamentally wrong with treating the earth as if it were a business in liquidation.” Herman Daly, economist

When I visited a combined grade 12 law and biology class at Georgian Bay Secondary School last week, the Copenhagen Summit was on everyone’s mind. Young people get it: the planet is in danger of undergoing radical changes in the next few decades primarily as a result of North America’s greed and consumption patterns. Many youth feel helpless to stop the unraveling of our planet’s 11,000 year old Holocene ecological balance which includes a benign climate, flourishing biodiversity and our resulting advanced civil societies.  Students ask what they can do in the face of accelerating threats. Students were encouraged to vote for candidates in next year’s elections who show their commitment for enacting laws that support their future. Also, students must show the courage of their convictions when confronted with local problems. By joining local sustainability steering committees and by demanding that anti-idling bylaws include drive-throughs, students do make a difference.
By using the 350.org climate movement slides and giving a brief UN treaty history going back to the Stockholm Conference of 1972 (its proclamations and  principals inspired the creation of the Earth Summit in 1992/ UN Framework Conference on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol) students realize that there is unfinished urgent business to conclude at the Copenhagen Summit. Copenhagen youth delegates will be giving high school students daily updates through Facebook or videoconferencing for the next week.  We hope to have a link set up at the Collingwood Collegiate. Youth want to make these Summit talks more than just talk! Almost forty years of declarations, conferences, protocols and treaties have resisted being forged into a just and enforceable agreement that has solutions for humanity’s most elusive 21st century dream, namely making the Earth a climate safe haven for all species and thus creating a safe home for all humanity.
It does not help matters when Canada refused to abide by the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets set down in the Kyoto Protocol. If Canada’s government wished to test the Protocol’s punitive capabilities, it succeeded. On October 21, 2008 Friends of the Earth lost a legal challenge that would have forced our government to respect its international obligations to adhere to the Kyoto Protocol’s greenhouse gas emission reduction schedule. An appeal is being considered.

Now it’s your turn to make a difference! Join us in an international vigil at the Collingwood Library (705) 445-1571 on 2nd Street and Maple Avenue at 5:15 PM, Friday December 11, a day after International Day for Human Rights, to write on the Signature Climate Wall inside the library, and then come outside the doors for the start of our candle light vigil at 5:30 PM which is accompanied by music.  We’ll walk over to the MP’s constituency office and then over to the Town’s Municipal Building. We want governments, industry and individuals to act now for climate safety.  We expect the media to be present as we tell individuals and governments that climate action is climate justice, and climate justice creates climate safety for youth and future generations.  Afterwards, a visit to a local pub will allow us to discuss the events in Copenhagen and what we are doing in our communities to fulfill our ethical obligations to help youth.

“The future depends on what we do in the present” – Mahatma Gandhi

“I skate where the puck is going to be, not where it has been” – Wayne Gretzky

On November 12, the Town of the Blue Mountains held a working meeting with invited organizations to continue the process of bringing sustainability and building a more equitable future for the community. No one seemed to notice the irony that the event was being held in the club house of one of Georgian Bay’s most exclusive (part-time) communities. We were surrounded by the manicured green lawns of a golf course that has been exempted from the Cosmetic Pesticide Ban of 2009. And so they called up the usual groups, fed them a free lunch and praised the work of the various committees that had worked to put together The Vision. At the beginning of the meeting a mission statement, created by the municipal government, was read aloud, and it certainly was poetically read. Georgian Bay residents were given the Promised Land in this statement. For most of the all-white over-45 age crowd eating up dainty desserts, it was a splendid soliloquy. I was not so comfortable with it, however.
Where were the ones, I wondered, who will be bequeathed the community – and the planet – that our generation will leave behind? How can this finely honed sustainability vision for 2050 make any difference to the future if you have never included the thoughts and ideas of those who will actually be alive then? Youth were not present, nor were they part of the process. Moreover, people from other socioeconomic groups were not present either, to speak about their ideas for a better future and opportunities for their children and grandchildren. Certainly all the wildlife that had lost their habitat where that gleaming and sanitized golf club now stands had no voice.
There were glimmers of hope, however, when some citizens asked for more inclusiveness in future planning and visioning, as well as voicing a plea for greater awareness of the youth and other individuals not present in the community who have so much to give.
‘Leader’ is an over-used word. In Canada it seems it has been a long time since we saw a leader in the true sense of the word: a person of action, courage, compassion, and clear honest vision who can see what needs to be done and do it, regardless of partisan interests. Yes, we are supposed to call them ‘leaders’. Perhaps by calling them that we are trying to shape them into people who will take the right measures that lead citizens to a just and ecologically balanced society.
At one point at the meeting, an older farmer firmly announced that unblemished apples will always be chosen over those that have imperfections, and how lucky we are to have the chemical wherewithal to make it so. I wish Joni Mitchell had been there to sing:
“Give me spots on my apples
But leave me the birds and the bees
Please!
Don’t it always seem to go
That you don’t know what you’ve got
Till it’s gone
They paved paradise
And put up a parking lot.”’
On November 26, 6 to 9PM, the Town of Blue Mountains sustainability meeting at the Beaver Valley Community will take place at the Beaver Valley Community Centre in Thornbury. I fervently hope that young people and others with a stake in the future will attend and make their voices heard loud and clear.

I recommend anyone who is interested in planning for the future of our communities take a look at one splendid alternative at www.transitiontowns.org. Leadership can mean many different things, and this is one site that shows us how to become leaders in our own right.

Owen Sound, ON – The Georgian Triangle Earth Day Celebrations launched their environmentally-focused film festival for students today, thanks in part to a $25,500 grant from the Ontario Trillium Foundation (OTF). Leigh Butler, local OTF Grant Review Team member was joined by guest speaker Barbara Hayes, Director of the Canadian Youth Climate Coalition, as students at the Owen Sound Collegiate and Vocational Institute gathered for the launch.

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Andrew Barnosky is a paleoecologist. His new book, “Heatstroke: Nature in an Age of Global Warming”, speaks of four bad players creating the destruction of many ecosystems around the world: population, global warming, invasive species and forest fragmentation.  Professor Barnosky’s a scientific Sherlock Holmes who looks at how the world’s climate has constantly changed over millions of years. This sleuth brings us to caves and other places, including Yellowstone National Park that show the fossil evidence of climate change as well as extinctions over millions of years. With the greatest of clarity he explains his scientific terminology and is able to show the reader that in the past million years biodiversity has been able to ride out the worst of glacial or inter-glacial changes. Here’s an important word that we should all become acquainted with: ‘phenology’. It describes the correlation between climate and the natural cycles of nature such as migration of birds, hunting for food, polar bears or plant flowering. He says that species can’t keep up with humanity’s unprecedented tampering with Earth’s climate; extinctions are happening at an alarming rate compared to what has occurred in the last several hundred thousand years.  As well, huge human population increases in the last (and the next) fifty years pose some of the greatest threats to the stability of our planet’s ecosystems. Invasive species has lowered the wealth of biodiversity, making the Earth one big box store of the same species.
“The trick now, of course, is to actually use our foresight and abilities not only to dodge but also to deflect the bullets heading our way- including, perhaps especially, the ones aimed squarely at Earth’s ecological heart…The reason Earth is in peril is because of individual actions. Just as the problem is the sum of what each one of us is doing, so is fixing the problem. That means we each hold a little part of the future of the world in our hands. “

Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett’s 2009 book “The Spirit Level: why more equal societies almost always do better” enables us to understand how we can make a difference in creating a better world   It is very clearly argued in the “Spirit Level” that the more equal a society is, the better it is able to wrestle with many of our problems, including global warming, and create a healthier, safer and happier nation.
Even though there are many graphs and statistics throughout the book, it never becomes one more academic treatise.  The authors are really speaking to us in the West and particularly in North America, saying the vast inequality between rich and poor is bringing down our society. As well, our monstrous carbon footprint points to an unhappy group of people addicted to consumerism.  These excesses include the self-indulged use of planes and cruises as well as creating a disastrous cult around the priority of economic growth over Nature and community. Flying or boating into a pristine sensitive destination such as the Galapagos Archipelago as an ‘eco-tourist’ is many times defended because of the economic benefits that are derived from such tourism.  It’s far better to stay close to home to enjoy Nature. The authors of ‘Spirit Level” show in great detail that more equal societies such as Cuba, Norway or even Japan are also much happier societies. Finally, a ‘steady-state economy’ keeps unwarranted growth at bay but need not be a stagnating society. Living within our ecological means creates a more resilient and creative people in balance with each other and the biosphere.

These are just two excellent reading possibilities.  W.H. Hudson’s ”Far Away & Long Ago: A childhood in Argentina” will inspire anyone who wants Nature to return to its former splendour,  Chris Goodall’s “How to Live a Low-Carbon Life: the individual’s guide to stopping climate change” is a great gift for a true friend who needs to drastically lower their carbon footprint and won’t hate you for telling her it’s time to change.

“Common Sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen.
We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.”
Albert Einstein

During the 18th century a group of politicians and economists in France realized that unless governments are guided by a policy that respects and works within the laws of Nature that govern our ecosystems, no economic system can last for long. Economics, guided by Natural Law, would be the basis of a strong and sustainable agricultural society. These people were called Physiocrats. Unfortunately, François Quesnay and his disciples’ balanced economic policies were soon overshadowed by the industrial revolution. However, in the 19th century, scientists such as Carnot, Ostwald and a social scientist named Podolinsky were all inspired by the discovery of the Laws of Thermodynamics. They began the process of expanding economic theory to include a human interwoven dependency on Nature and energy. By realizing that there are limitations and laws regulating the use of energy, these people advocated a more holistic approach to economics. Like the Physiocrats, these forward thinking people realized that all economic growth must be held accountable to physical and ecological laws. In other words, we ought to seek out a sustainable policy in energy usage. Modern Biophysical Economics or Steady-State-Societies acknowledge ecological services as the basis for any economy. Limitless growth economic models must be abandoned.
Our recent economic crash makes it imperative that we create a new economy based on the thoughts of these prescient people. The limits of economic growth can be found to have a mirror in Nature. Our energy derived from solar income is vast compared to our dwindling stored solar income found in fossil fuels. Alternatives to fossil fuels need to be the basis of a new biophysical economy acted out within strict ecological guidelines.  Self-imposed limits on growth are far better than the ones Nature will dictate if humanity doesn’t act swiftly to discard old economic models.
Humans will do anything rather than give up their allegiance to business-as-usual models. In the August 6 issue of the science journal ‘Nature’, we are told real flaws have existed in our economic models. Those models try to forecast at most a year ahead or run our economies as if we are in a perfect world that can’t even conceive of the crises that now assail us. “As a result, economic policy-makers are basing their decisions on common sense. The leaders of the world are flying the economy by the seat of their pants. “, J. Doyne Farmer and Duncan Foley tell us.
Schemes such as having several thousand wind-powered ships spray water from the oceans to make white vapour clouds that solar radiation bounce off of, is one of many geo-engineering ideas now circulating. We’ll do anything to circumvent simpler solutions that actually lower greenhouse gas emissions but are perceived as getting in the way of growth. Geo-engineering is viewed as the panacea of climate change deniers, corporations and policy makers that wish to prop up institutions that will inevitably collapse anyway once stimulus and bail-out packages are shown to be what they are. The greatest tragedy of these bail-outs is the wealth that has been squandered while more humanistic solutions such as decentralized community projects flounder due to a lack of capital.
If future generations are to even have a modicum of success we need to look more closely at Albert Einstein’s playful and creative approach to problem solving. As well, societies have to have more faith in its young people and nurture their creativity by letting them not only sit at the decision-making table but encourage them to take the lead.  Instead of governments spending trillions of dollars on throwing fraying life-lines to sinking and bloated centralized top-down-bonus-ridden companies, they should ask young adults how money should be spent. Democratic decision–making must employ the ingenuity of the young.

“I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade.” W.B. Yeats “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”

Recently in Britain 1,000 people showed up to enroll in a single course for novice bee-keepers. People throughout the world know that bees are in trouble after reading about Colony Collapse Disorder and want to do what they can to stop the honey bees’ decline. By 2006 most apiarists were reporting up to one-third of their bees gone or dead. Is it the various mites, pesticides, long distance traveling that wears down our friends? The largest wild blueberry company in Maine called Wyman’s owns 10,000 acres of blueberry terrain and they know that their 125 year old business is finished if a solution is not found soon.  They have given a large grant to scientists to try and find out what needs to be done. Citizen science is also coming forward and helping biologists to understand the problem. Gretchen LeBuhn started the Great Sunflower Project- see www.sunflower.org- to try to have a better knowledge of what bees were up to across Canada and the U.S.  She has over 60,000 volunteers who plant a sunflower in their yard, watch for all sorts of bees and then send in their data. It’s a wonderful way to encourage young people to become naturalists and know how important all kinds of bees are for pollination.
After 22 years of keeping bees I can understand why men and women want this ultimate nature hobby. What is so unique about bee-keeping is the egalitarian interaction with another species. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, is an equal in its relationship with humans. If a bee-keeper does not treat his bees with due respect, or if their lodging is not to their satisfaction, they may just fly away. Good beekeepers are careful to leave enough honey in the hive so the bees survive the winter. Pragmatism and outright admiration for these insect’s social order creates the perfect partnership.
We have all heard of the bee dances that communicate information to the colony. Observing bees enter their colony is an inspiring experience. For example, watch how bees use ‘air-conditioning’ to cool down the hive by using their wings to fan the hot air out of the colony on a scorching summer day. In the fall a person can see the sad exit of perhaps ninety-five percent of the drones (male bees) being shoved out of the colony so the workers and the queen have enough honey for the winter. Catching a swarm is always an adventure. Swarming bees are looking for a new place to live, and swarms of thousands of bees announce themselves with a huge buzz as they cling to a branch. Bees are very safe to work with when they are swarming. If you see a swarm, call a bee-keeper and they will be happy to come by and catch it. Never spray the honey bees with an insecticide.  Most people know how important bees are for our local apple industry and vegetable gardens. Fifteen billion dollars of added crops can be directly related to pollination by bees in North America.
There is no bylaw against having bees in the Town of Collingwood. Our bees, in the Beaver Valley, are twenty feet from our house and no one has ever been stung as a result of the hives’ proximity to the house.  It would be a good idea to have a fence around the bees or a fenced- in backyard if you live in town. Young people can learn so much by sitting quietly next to the colony and observing all the wonderful activity taking place. Children love extracting honey too. Once the fields of goldenrod have finished in the fall, it is a true celebration tasting the honey and honouring the bees’ work by making sure they have a cozy hive for the winter.

“Self-restraint over consumption is a hugely subversive idea in an economic system which has as its core proposition that greater and greater happiness will follow every increase in our personal incomes and spending.” Chris Goodall, “How to Live a Low-Carbon Life

A new study from Princeton University’s Carbon Mitigation Initiative entitled, “Sharing Global CO2 Emissions Among1 Billion Emitters {out of 8.1 billion people in 2030}” points to humanity’s inability to find so far an equitable solution for the protection of our biosphere. This study tries to be a model in fairness with regards to capping world-wide emissions, and thus defuse the on-going conflict between the developed and developing world over who has to do what in order to get the greenhouse gas mitigation programs underway to avoid a catastrophic climate crisis. The study shows that the poorest 3 billion people can have a higher standard of living without any undue hardship incurred by people like ourselves. (Taking aim at world poverty on July 11 was UN World Population Day. We know the burgeoning population in this century means North Americans have to share more and ask for less.) Wealth and high GHG emissions go together: Europeans emit around 12.5 tonnes per person per year with North Americans doubling that amount, while the rest of the world averages less than 5 tonnes for each individual. Canadians would need to lower their emissions to a European level. Otherwise why should the rest of the world believe that any negotiations are credible between the rich and poor? Why would an Indian negotiator ever consider his Canadian counterpart’s proposals are made in good faith when we would not budge on our emissions? This just happened when the G8 industrial powers met the Group of 5 emerging powers last week in L’Aquila, Italy.  Canada refused to accept more than “aspirational” goals in meeting temperature and greenhouse gas mitigation targets for 2050. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon was not at all pleased with the Group of 8’s action plans. According to World Wildlife Fund, Canada is the worst offender of the Group of 8.

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What Would It Take?

How much money would solve the world water crisis? Most people are taking a serious look at the numbers within the context of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to “reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015.” So most of the best numbers only address half the need, but include providing adequate sanitation for the world’s 2.5 billion who are lacking it, and we are left to wonder what the cost would be for providing only water to those 1.1 billion lacking.

The question itself is not entirely clear either. When is the “world water crisis” no longer a crisis? When we’ve met the UN’s MDG? When everybody has access to clean water? When people have clean water? Or “improved” water, which may only be a covered shallow hand-dug well? Could some non-profit sectors provide sustainable water more efficiently than the mostly governmental agencies whose data is being extrapolated to arrive at our figures? Is the number even relevant if sufficient reliable implementing agencies do not currently exist?

The World Bank offers a range of cost estimates to reach MDG goals. They estimate the cost of reaching “basic levels of coverage…in water and sanitation” to be $9 billion at the low end, and $30 billion a year for “achieving universal coverage” for water and sanitation. The same report acknowledges that the “institutional arrangements” do not exist to reach the goal in any case, and concludes that, “taking these estimates and their caveats together, we estimate that the cost… is between $5 and $21 billion.”¹

The United Nations Development Programme estimates the cost of meeting the MGD to be about $10 billion a year.” Again, that is for water and sanitation for half of those lacking. They add that the figure “…represents less than five days’ worth of global military spending and less than half what rich countries spend each year on mineral water.”

The same report estimates that “universal access (to water and sanitation) would raise this figure to $20–$30 billion…” and that not addressing the problem will “…cost roughly nine times more than resolving it. ²

Another United Nations document states that “providing safe drinking water and sanitation to those lacking them requires massive investment—estimated at $14 – 30 billion per year in addition to current annual spending levels…”³ Again, these estimates include the cost of basic sanitation.

The WHO and UNICEF report that it would cost “US$11.3 billion” to achieve the MDG for “drinking water and sanitation” and one is left to wonder what the cost would be for the water portion in their estimation.⁴ Again, 1.4 billion more people lack basic sanitation than lack water.

So where does LWI stand? Would it take $9 billion or $30 billion? What is the number for just water without sanitation? The fact of the matter is that a $9 billion or a $30 billion check written tomorrow to the UN or to any development agency in the world would not solve the world water crisis. As many of these experts point out, what is lacking are competent, responsible implementers. It would not be hard at all for $10 or $20 billion to be misused. That is why LWI is committed to training, consulting and equipping efficient, cost-effective, replicable, sustainable water solution systems and providers. Without implementers, it doesn’t matter if the world is dreaming of the most accurate dollar amount in the world or how many studies are done.

At LWI our next $10 million will go where our last $10 million went: to training, consulting and equipping people all over the world to execute the most appropriate, cost-effective integrated water solutions there are and having them teach others to do the same.

Water and Women

Many women spend 15-20 hours per week collecting water, often walking up to 7 miles in the dry season.
It is typically women who collect water, often waiting for long periods, and having to get up very early or go out late at night to get their water; they carry heavy water containers for long distances over uneven terrain. It is women who have to buy, scrounge, or beg for water, particularly when their usual sources run dry. The tragedy is that the water they work so hard to collect is often dirty, polluted, and unsafe to drink.

Women trapped in this situation have little time for other activities such as child care, rest, or productive work. The time spent collecting water disempowers women by reinforcing time-poverty and lowering income.

“Reasearch in Uganda found households spending on average 660 hours a year collecting water. This represents two full months of labor, with attendant opportunity costs for education, income generation, and female liesure time.” – United Nations Development Program, 2006

In sub-Saharan Africa alone, 40 billion hours of labor are wasted each year carrying water over long distances.
Access to clean water is the foundation for other forms of development. Without easy access to water that is safe, countless hours are spent in water collection, household income is spent on purchasing water and medical treatment for water-related
diseases. These factors contribute to keeping people trapped in poverty.

The statistics indicate a two-way relationship between extreme poverty and lack of access to safe water. About two-thirds of those without access to safe water live on less than $2 a day. Half of these—roughly equivalent to the population of the United States—live on less than $1 a day.

“Water management is a key factor in the global battle to remove the scourge of extreme poverty and to build secure and prosperous lives for hundreds of millions of people in the developing world.” – World Health Organization, 2007

Water and Education

Water-related diseases cost 443 million school days a year.
More than 150 million school-age children are severely affected by waterborne parasites like roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm. These children commonly carry up to 1000 parasites at a time, causing anemia, stunted growth, and other debilitating conditions.

Children who suffer from constant water-related illnesses carry the disadvantages into school. Poor health directly reduces cognitive potential and indirectly undermines schooling through absenteeism, attention deficits, and early drop-out.

“Over half of all schools worldwide lack safe water and sanitation, jeopardizing the health and education of millions of schoolchildren. Most of the 115 million children currently out of school are girls. Many are denied their place in the classroom by lack of access to decent toilets at school, or

Water and Health

At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from a water-related disease.
Nearly 90 percent of all diseases in the world are caused by unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene. Every year, there are 4 billion cases of diarrhea as a direct result of drinking contaminated water; this results in more than 2.2
million deaths each year—the equivalent of 20 jumbo jets crashing every day.

The weakest members of communities are the most vulnerable; every day water-related diseases claim the lives of 5000 children under the age of five. That’s roughly one every 15 seconds.

“Clean water and sanitation are among the most powerful preventative medicines for reducing child mortality. They are to diarrhea what immunization is to killer diseases such as measles or polio: a mechanism for reducing risk and averting death.” – United Nations Development Program, 2006

In 1992, the UN General Assembly designated March 22 as World Water Day to draw attention to this growing, global problem. In Haiti there are numerous organizations that are working to stave desertification, to preserve water tables, and to offer clean and safe drinking waters to entire cities. I strongly encourage you to visit the website of  Living Water, a highly motivated and praiseworthy organization out of Houston, TX and the World Water Day homepage to learn more about how you can help the people of the world overcome this most basic problem.

Water, water, everywhere,
Nor a drop to drink.
The water, like witch’s oils,
Burnt green, and blue, and white.
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Coleridge

“As a result of both pollution and overuse of our rivers and lakes, about 40 percent of the world’s population now lacks sufficient water for basic sanitation and hygiene, and nearly one out of ever five people has not enough to drink.” The author of “The Upside of Down”, Thomas Homer-Dixon, will speak in Collingwood in April, 2009.

As a part of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, World Water Day brings into focus the incredible crisis that now confronts humanity. Water, as part of our biosphere, is our most important ecological resource, but we have exploited this gift of life to such an extent that now 2.6 billion people are in terrible jeopardy. The UN Water-for-Life booklet is a great place to become better acquainted with water issues. www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/waterforlifebklt-e.pdf

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are all dependent on the success of humanity’s commitment to sharing water resources and knowledge. These goals are being coordinated with the UN Water for Life Decade 2005-2015

The Millennium Goals are:

1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

2. Achieve Universal Primary Education

3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

4. Reduce Child Mortality

5. Improve Maternal Health

6.Combat HIV, AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

7. Ensure Environmental sustainability.

8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development

“A single lawn sprinkler spraying 19 litres per minute uses more water in just one hour than a combination of ten toilet flushes, two 5-minute showers, two dishwasher loads, and a full load of clothes.”  Take the water reduction pledge to save 10 gallons a day.  www.naturecanada.ca

EASY ways that you can save water around the house	Water Saved
Don’t run the tap while shaving or cleaning your teeth	1 gallon (3.7 litres) a minute
Add an aerator to any tap	1 gallon (3.7 litres) a minute
Reduce the length of a shower by one minute	2.5 gallons (9.5 litres)
Install a low flow shower head	3 gallons(11.3 litres)a minute
Install a toilet tank displacement device	.5 gallon (1.8 litres) a flush
Run the dishwasher only when it is totally full	10 gallons (37.8 litres) each saved load
Water your lawn at night and save 65% lost to evaporation when watering during the day	5 gallons (19 litres) a minute

North Americans and Australians use more water than any other group of people.  This has to change immediately. The need to conserve water is becoming more and more critical for our well-being. The protection of wetlands such as the Silver Creek Wetland ensures biodiversity and clean water. The long-term work by the Blue Mountain Watershed Trust has brought urgency and a responsibility for the Town and its people to conserve this wonderful wetland, and not just call it a “Preserve” as the developers wished to call their ill-advised building project.
The Town of Collingwood’s recent endeavour to protect this wetland should be applauded.